高考英语备考：抓纲务本，夯实基础

　　《2011年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试安徽卷考试说明》在“语言知识”中说“要求考生能够适当运用基本的语法知识(见附录)，掌握2000左右的词汇及相关词组(见附录三)”，并在后面的附录中详细列举了应考的语法知识考点和词汇、词组，这就是试题命制和考生学习、应考的根据。鉴此，学生在平时的学习中，要以考试说明为指导，注重基础知识的学习和巩固。
　　1.When asked about the secret of his success, Stephen Spielberg said that he owes much of his success and happiness to his wife and children. (Unit 5, The Silver Screen, 1A)
　　书后注解(P.165)说明如下：
　　在when引起的时间状语从句里，如主语与句子的主语一致，谓语含有动词be，常常可以将主语与be省略。又如：
　　Metals expand when heated and contract when cooled.
　　I have tried to keep his advice in mind when doing the job.
　　本单元的另一篇课文中又一个句子可以作对比：
　　When she is asked to do the job, she says she can read, write and sing. (P.34)
　　本单元还有另外两个状语从句省略的例子：
　　While still a student, she played roles in many plays. (Cf: He started making short films when he was still a young boy.)
　　To make as much use of the land as possible, two or more crops are planted each year where possible. (P.45, 1B)
　　2.When drinking to someone’s health, you raise your glasses, but the glasses should not touch. (P.39, Unit 6, Good Manners)
　　Although good manners always make you look good, you do not need to worry about all these rules while having dinner with your friends or family. (ibid.)
　　当状语从句中的主语与主句中的主语一致是，从句中的主语和助动词be皆可省略。
　　比较句1和句2的两种结构，若分词所表示的动作与主句的主语为主动关系，则用现在分词;若为被动关系，则为过去分词。观察下列高考试题：
　　The research is so designed that once ____ nothing can be done to change it. (N’02-34)
　　A. begins B. having begun C. beginning D. begun (试题分析)
　　While watching TV, ____. (N’05-17)
　　A. the doorbell rang B. the doorbell rings
　　C. we heard the doorbell ring D. we heard the doorbell rings
　　No matter how frequently ____, the works of Beethoven still attract people all over the world. (粤’06-29)
　　A. performed B. performing C. to be performed D. being performed
　　When ____ different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities. (浙’06-5)
　　A. compared B. being compared C. comparing D. having compared
　　3. Imagine that you are one of the students chosen to solve the problem. (P.62, Unit 9 Technology, 2A)
　　The disc, digitally ____, in the studio, sounded fantastic at the party that night. (沪’04-35)
　　A. recorded B. recording C. to be recorded D. having recorded
　　过去分词作定语的例子在课文中是经常出现的，把握好它的意义和用法来对付高考是绰绰有余的。
　　4. A reporter begins by contacting the people to be reviewed and then prepares questions. (P. 11, Unit 2, News Media)
　　课后(P.154)有如下的注解：
　　to be interviewed是动词不定式的被动形式，在这里作定语。又如：
　　First he made a list of the names of those to be invited. Then he began to write the invitation cards.他先列出需要邀请的人的名单，然后开始写邀请函。
　　All the books to be read next term are piled on the table. What a busy term! 所有下学期要读的书都堆放在桌上，下学期真够忙的!
　　动词的-ing形式、过去分词和不定式的被动形式都可以作定语，但时间含义有所不同。如：
　　the meeting to be held tomorrow 明天要召开的会议
　　the meeting held yesterday 昨天已开过的会议
　　the meeting being held now 现在正在召开的会议
　　高一课本(P.74)Unit 11 The Sounds of the World中有这样的例句：
　　There is a wide variety of new music to be discovered in every corner of the world.
　　The Chinese are proud of the 29th Olympic Games ____ in Beijing in 2008. (川’06-26)
　　A. hold B. holding C. held D. to be held
　　Mr Green stood up in defence of the 16-year-old boy, saying that he was not the one ____. (皖’06-35)
　　A. blamed B. blaming C. to blame D. to be blamed
　　The Town Hall ____ in the 1880’s was the most distinguished building at the time. (沪’07-36)
　　A. to be completed B. having been completed C. completed D. being completed
　　5. There was a time when women had no right to vote, could not go to university or choose their jobs. (P.31, Unit 14 Freedom Fighters, 2B)
　　There was ____ time ____ I hated to go to school. (鄂’04-23)
　　A. a; that B. a; when C. the; that D. the when
　　这道题与书上的原句如出一辙。
　　6.To do the experiment you need four things: a kite, a key, some really bad weather and a condenser, to store electricity. (P.24, Unit 16 Scientists at Work)
　　不定式置于句首，常用作目的状语。高考题如下：
　　____ this cake, you’ll need 2 eggs, 175 g sugar and 175 g flour. (粤’06-30)
　　A. Having made B. Make C. To make D. Making
　　7. When I found this amazing power placed within my hands, I hesitated a long time thinking how I should use it. (P.15, Unit 12 Fact and Fantasy, 2B)
　　thinking在此处为现在分词状语，表示伴随状况。
　　We often provide our children with toys, footballs or basketballs, ____ that all children like these things. (N’06-17)
　　A. thinking B. think C. to think D. thought
 
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