双语畅销书《艾伦图灵传》第9章:退隐山林40

The idea of teaching the machine had also progressed since 1948.在1948年之后，“训练机器”的想法也有了新的进展。By nomunicating to the pupil, the amount of information munication.所以，必须要有某种非情绪化的沟通方式。If these are available, it is possible to teach a machine by punishments and rewards to obey orders given in some language, e.g. a symbolic language.这样的方式也同样可以训练机器，使其遵守一些命令，这些命令是通过某种语言施加的，比如一种符号语言。These orders are to be transmitted through the unemotional channels.这些命令是通过非情绪化的渠道传达的。The use of this language will diminish greatly the number of punishments and rewards required.这种语言的使用，将摆脱对惩罚和奖赏的依赖。He went on to suggest that a learning machine might achieve a supercritical state when, in analogy with the atomic pile, it would produce more ideas than those with which it had been fed.图灵还提出，学习机器可以像原子反应堆一样，达到一种“超临界”状态，从而独立地创造出比已有想法更多的想法。This was essentially a picture of his own development, stated rather more seriously than in 1948, and a claim that even his own originality must somehow have been determined.这些想法本身，基本上都是图灵“独立地创造”出来的，这比1948年的说法更加严谨了，图灵认为自己的独创性是不言而喻的。Perhaps he was thinking of his series for the inverse tangent function, and the law of motion in general relativity.也许他会联想到当初的反正切函数，还有广义相对论的运动定律。